Melalui film “The Call From the Sea,” sutradara AS, Taylor McNulty menyorot kehidupan suku Bajau di Sulawesi yang hidupnya bergantungan dengan laut. Dengan pemanasan global dan pencemaran yang telah membuat kondisi laut menurun, bagaimana nasib masa depan suku Bajau?
Pulau Kaledupa di Wakatobi yang terletak di Sulawesi Tenggara terkenal akan keindahan alamya dan terumbu karang indah berwarna-warni yang menjadi atraksi favorit para penyelam dari mancanegara. Tidak hanya itu, pulau ini juga menyimpan rahasia budaya yang sudah tumbuh bertahun-tahun lamanya.
Hidup Sepiring dengan Lingkungan
Tepatnya di kawasan Sampela, bermukimlah suku Bajau (Bajo), manusia laut yang hidupnya berpindah di sekitar perairan Indonesia, Filipina, dan Malaysia. Komunitas Bajau di Sampela ini sudah bermukim sejak tahun 1960an. Hidup mereka sangat bergantungan dengan laut
Baca juga: Duata Mandi Mayah Ritual Pengobatan Alternatif Suku Bajau
Baca juga: Erni Bajau Melakukan Sosialisasi Pentingnya Pendidikan ke Desa Bajau Sulaho Kabupaten Kolaka Utara
Baca juga: Kapal Suku Bajau Bernegara Asing Tangkap Ikan di Perairan Indonesia Tidak Titenggelamkan
Baca juga: Suku Bajau Termasuk 5 Suku di Dunia yang Memiliki Kemampuan Super
Pulau Kaledupa di Wakatobi yang terletak di Sulawesi Tenggara terkenal akan keindahan alamya dan terumbu karang indah berwarna-warni yang menjadi atraksi favorit para penyelam dari mancanegara. Tidak hanya itu, pulau ini juga menyimpan rahasia budaya yang sudah tumbuh bertahun-tahun lamanya.
Hidup Sepiring dengan Lingkungan
Tepatnya di kawasan Sampela, bermukimlah suku Bajau (Bajo), manusia laut yang hidupnya berpindah di sekitar perairan Indonesia, Filipina, dan Malaysia. Komunitas Bajau di Sampela ini sudah bermukim sejak tahun 1960an. Hidup mereka sangat bergantungan dengan laut.
Walau tak jauh dari daratan, mereka tinggal di atas rumah-rumah yang didirikan di atas permukaan laut. Inilah yang membedakan suku Bajau di Sampela dengan di tempat lain yang biasanya tinggal secara tradisional di kapal dan nomaden.
Sesekali mereka ke daratan untuk mendapatkan air bersih yang mereka barter dengan ikan dari laut. Makanan yang mereka konsumsi pun merupakan hasil dari laut.
Jika banyak orang mengira orang Bajau itu hanyalah seperti nelayan modern, kenyataannya cukup berbeda. Mereka hanya menangkap hasil laut sesuai kebutuhan tanpa membuang jaring ke laut. Dalam kata lain, mereka tetap menjunjung tinggi kelestarian laut.
“Orang Bajau itu satu piring dengan lingkungan,” papar Andar Halim dalam film dokumenter “the Call From the Sea,” karya sutradara AS, Taylor McNulty.
Sejak sepuluh tahun lalu, Andar Halim bersama Saipa, isterinya dan kini dua anaknya, Halim dan Salma, menetap di Sampela. Sejalan dengan waktu dan kemajuan zaman, ia merasakan berbagai perbedaan mendalam yang terjadi di lingkungannya. Ia sadar akan air yang semakin naik, ikan yang semakin jarang, dan berkurangnya kesehatan terumbu karang, yang kini bertambah pucat.
Laut ‘sakit,’ sumber daya menurun
Berdasarkan temuan yang dikeluarkan oleh Lembaga Ilmu Pengetahuan Indonesia (LIPI) tahun 2018, dari 1067 site di seluruh Indonesia terdapat 387 site atau 35.18% terumbu karang yang berada dalam kategori jelek, 366 site masuk ke dalam kategori cukup, 245 site tergolong baik, dan hanya 70 site yang masuk ke dalam kategori sangat baik.
Terumbu karang dalam kategori jelek menunjukkan peningkatan. Faktor perubahan iklim, pemutihan karangm dan hama dikatakan sebagai beberapa faktor alami penyebab menurunnya kondisi terumbu karang. Faktor tidak alami atau antropogenik yang timbul karena aktivitas manusia seperti pencemaran, pengeboman, dan pengambilan karang juga berdampak negatif terhadap terumbu karang.
“Populasi bajau semakin bertambah, tapi resources, hari ke hari semakin turun, itu ada masalah,” lanjut Andar dalam film.
Penyebabnya? Menurut Andar antara lain adalah penggunaan pestisida, racun dan deterjen membuat laut merasa sakit. Ditambah lagi permintaan yang kian bertambah akan sumber daya laut yang sudah mulai berkurang. “Over fishing” telah terjadi. Jika dulu orang Bajau biasa menangkap ikan yang besar-besar. Kini tangkapan mereka hanyalah berupa ikan-ikan yang masih kecil. Apa yang akan terjadi jika ikan-ikan ini benar-benar punah?
“The Call From the Sea:” Ungkap Keresahan Warga Bajau
Inilah yang mendorong Taylor McNulty kemudian menggarap film dokumenter 15 menit “The Call From the Sea,” yang dirilis tahun 2016 ini. Besar di Florida yang dekat dengan pantai telah menumbuhkan kecintaannya akan laut. Selama hampir sebulan Taylor tinggal bersama komunitas Bajau.
“Saya ingin membuat film tentang orang-orang yang hidup bergantungan dengan laut dan mengetahui perubahan apa yang mereka rasakan yang tengah terjadi di laut, serta kecemasan mereka,” ungkap Taylor saat berbagi cerita dengan VOA Indonesia belum lama ini.Kecemasan Andar akan masa depan laut terlihat dalam film yang berhasil menarik perhatian dunia dan tembus di 50 festival film di 15 negara, termasuk Kanada, Nigeria, Ingris, dan Indonesia ini.
Kecemasan Andar akan masa depan laut terlihat dalam film yang berhasil menarik perhatian dunia dan tembus di 50 festival film di 15 negara, termasuk Kanada, Nigeria, Ingris, dan Indonesia ini.
“Andar bahkan takut dengan generasi ke depannya, anak-anaknya, apa yang akan mereka lakukan jika kondisi laut semakin buruk,” ujar sutradara yang kini menetap di New York ini.
Jika memang kehidupan mereka terancam, tak ada pilihan lain bagi mereka kecuali pindah dan beradaptasi dengan lingkungan yang baru, seperti orang Bajau pada umumnya.
“Andar mengatakan, ‘Kami bisa beradaptasi. Kami bisa mengatasinya jika memang hal ini terjadi. Kami sudah melakukannya selama ratusan tahun,” kata Taylor.
Masa Depan Suku Bajau Terancam Punah
Kehidupan ‘nelayan’ ala suku Bajau ini bagaikan budaya yang turun temurun di komunitas. Menyelam sambil mencari hasil laut adalah keunggulan orang Bajau. Menurut temuan Melissa Ilardo, seorang peneliti dari University of Copenhagen di Denmark, orang Bajau dapat menyelam hingga kedalaman 70 meter tanpa bantuan alat.
Adaptasi genetik membuat orang Bajau memiliki ukuran limpa yang lebih besar dari manusia biasa, yang membuat mereka dapat bertahan lebih lama di dalam laut. Anak-anak suku Bajau pun sudah belajar menyelam dan memancing sejak kecil. Mereka menghabiskan waktunya bermain di laut.
Sekolah di Sampela pun baru berdiri sepuluh tahun lalu. Namun, saat berkumpul bersama keluarga, orang tua kerap mengajarkan anaknya mengenai cara menangkap ikan, hutan mangrove atau bakau, bulan, matahari, dan sebagainya.
Era yang kian modern dan kondisi laut yang menurun membuat Andar cemas akan masa depan anaknya, yang mungkin tidak akan lagi menjadi nelayan seperti kakeknya.
“Kehidupan Bajau yang melaut itu hanya di dalam story saja. Hanya di dalam cerita,” curhat Andar kepada Taylor dalam film.
Melalui film “the Call From the Sea” ini, Taylor berharap agar orang lebih peduli lagi akan bumi dan lebih terbuka, juga berempati ketika mendengar orang Bajau berbicara tentang laut.
“Semoga orang lebih sadar dengan suhu bumi yang terus memanas. Hal ini berpengaruh terhadap dunia, terumbu karang, laut, dan ikan-ikan kita,” kata Taylor.
Tak lupa Taylor berpesan untuk selalu menjaga kelestarian laut, mendaur ulang, dan tidak menggunakan sedotan plastik. [di]
Berita di atas telah dirilis https://www.voaindonesia.com/ dengang judul Asli: Film AS, “The Call From the Sea,” Menyingkap Suku Bajau di Sulawesi yang Terancam Punah
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